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A New Smoking Ban in Russiašš

In Europe the leading ban is smoking ban in public places.  Smoking was banned only for to promote a healthier lifestyle in a country where  smoking is very popular and the population is in decline. Russia also dreams about a healthy  life style.


In Russia  there are few non-smoking areas but instead of this there are many restaurants  which continue to be full of cigarette smoke.


In Russia  smokers smoke even in public places such as airports, railway stations, and underground railway. For example in airports they congregate in  overcrowded smoking zones or male toilets to puff on cigarettes beside the  urinals before boarding their flights, but in railway stations smokers smoke at  the back of railway carriages.


Researchers  said that in Russia  around 40 percent of all adults smoke.


Tatyana Golikova, the Health Minister from the Russia, introduced a new  legislation that banned smoking in bars, nightclubs, restaurants and casinos  with an area of under 50 sq meters (538 sq feet), about a quarter of the size  of a tennis court, followed two years later by a total ban on smoking in public  places.


Nightclub owners in Moscow  were not thrilled at the prospect of a smoking ban.


"In New York, only 20 percent of the  nightclubs survived after the smoking ban was introduced even though the  climate allows people to go outside and smoke," said the owner of two of Moscow's best-known  nightclubs, Georgy Petrushin.


In Russia  cigarettes cost about $1 a packet.


But the government wants to promote a healthier lifestyle in Russia because a  the average life expectancy for men is under 60, far lower than in Western  Europe, and the population is declining also.


Posté: 03:07, 27/02/2009
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Cigarettes

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Why you are dying for a cigarette: the negatives of smoking

Put in the most basic  terms, smoking is bad for you. How bad? Smoking is the leading preventable  cause of death. It is estimated that it can reduce your life expectancy by 15  to 25 years. Smoking adversely affects the following areas of the body:
  Heart: The heart is one the  main organs damaged by smoking. Smoking lowers the HDL cholesterol, what is  commonly referred to as "good" cholesterol. Smokingplaces more  stress on the system that regulates the heart and the blood vessels because it  increases the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Because smoking  reduces the elastic properties of the aorta, the body's largest blood vessel,  the risk of developing a blood clot is increased. The nicotine in cigarettes  acts as a blood coagulant and can cause such blood clots.
  Smoking can accelerate the  process known as atherosclerosis. This is a narrowing the arteries that can  cause strokes or heart attacks. The nicotine in cigarettes acts as a  vasoconstricter that constricts blood vessels and restricts blood flow. If you  are a smoker in the 30 or 40 years age bracket then you are more likely to die  from smoking-related heart disease than from the cancer smoking produces. In  fact, you are about five times more likely to die of a heart attack than a  non-smoker. If you are a male aged between 35 and 64 then you are nearly four  times more likely than a non-smoker you age to suffer a stroke.
  Lungs: As well as  contributing to lung cancer, smoking also weakens your immune system making you  more susceptible to bouts of colds and flu. It also irritates the lining of  your lungs and impairs your respiratory system. Smoking is the major cause of  obstructive diseases like emphysema and 'smoker's cough'. A smoker is 10 times  more likely to experience chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than a  non-smoker.
  Cancer: The carcinogens in  tobacco smoke can lead to cancer. Smoking has a huge role to play in the  incidence of lung cancer. It is believed that smoking causes about 90 to 95% of  male deaths from lung disease and some 70 to 75% of female deaths. Smoking is  believed to cause around 30% of all cancer deaths in mature tobacco markets  like the US.
  As well as lung cancer, the  carcinogens in cigarettes can cause other types of cancer as well. Smokers have  higher rates of cancers of the stomach, bladder, kidney, pancreas and  leukaemia. In the case of cancer of the bladder, pancreas, and stomach, smoking  approximately doubles your chances of developing them. The tar from cigarettes  makes it hard for the lungs to repair the damage done to them by smoking  because it damages the lung's DNA. Smoking and chewing (smokeless) tobacco are  responsible for over 60% of cancers of the throat, mouth, and esophagus.
  Children's health: Children  who breathe in second-hand smoke are more likely to develop asthma or, if they  already have asthma, they risk the condition worsening. It also increases their  chances of suffering from pneumonia, colds, and bronchitis.
  Other consequences: Smoking  can play a role in disorders as varied as osteoporosis, peptic ulcers,  cataracts, thyroid problems, impotence, and periodontal disease. A person who  smokes increases the risk of developing osteoporosis. This is because smoking  reduces the blood supply to your bones and slows the production of bone-forming  cells. This can affect joints and the spine and may slightly increase the  chances of smokers developing rheumatoid arthritis. Smoking can cause peptic  ulcers. This is because it increases acid secretion, decreases mucosal blood  flow and reduces the body's production of prostaglandin and bicarbonate. This  will also delay the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Heavy smokers risk  developing cataracts of the eye. Smokers also have twice the chance of  developing macular degeneration as non-smokers. Macular degeneration is an eye  disorder usually associated with old age. Thyroid disease can be caused by  cyanedim, a chemical found in cigarette smoke, which interferes with the  production of thyroid hormone. Heavy smoking may contribute to impotence in men  by decreasing blood flow to the penis. Male smokers also run a higher risk of  infertility because smoking reduces the mobility and density of sperm. This is  all rather ironic for those who think smoking makes them sexier. Because  tobacco results in tartar build-up, it increases the incidence of periodontal  (gum) disease, staining of the teeth, and potential tooth loss.
  Smoking can be detrimental  to your external appearance as well. Tobacco smoke has a drying effect on the  surface of the skin. Carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream when you smoke and  this decreases the amount of oxygen carried to the tissue in your body. This  depletes the skin of essential nutrients and makes your skin look grey,  especially around the mouth. It also increases the number of wrinkles visible  on your skin. You will appear to age prematurely as these deep wrinkles make  you look older than you really are. No only that, but smoking actually damages  the ability of the skin to heal. This is why you should not smoke before you  undergo any surgical procedure. Smokers also often develop discolouration of  the fingers and fingernails on the hand they use to hold the cigarette. Smoking  also stains the teeth and can cause halitosis.

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Posté: 08:48, 10/12/2007
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